How are Plurals formed?
Nouns have been segregated into various categories.
For example, Nouns ending with “O” are in one category, whereas Nouns ending with “F” and “S” are in two different categories.
Type 1. When a singular Noun ends with “o” , add “es” at the end to get its plural.
For example,
| Potato | Potatoes |
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| Mango | Mangoes |
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| Mosquito | Mosquitoes |
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Some Singular Nouns ending in “o” changes to plural Noun by adding “s” at the end.
For example,
| Auto | Autos |
 |  |
| Photo | Photos |
 |  |
Type 2. When a singular Noun ends with ‘f’ or ‘fe’ , change ‘f’or ‘fe’ to ‘ves’ to get its plural.
For example,
| Knife | Knives |
 |  |
| Calf | Calves |
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But there are certain exceptions. For example, plural of Dwarf can be spelled as Dwarfs or Dwarves. Similarly, plural of Scarf can be spelled as Scarfs or Scarves.
Some other exceptions are exhibited by the words Proof, cliff, and chief. The plural of these words can be obtained just by adding “s” at the end. Therefore, the plural of these words are proofs, cliffs and chiefs respectively.
Type 3. When a singular Noun ends with “y” , change ‘y’ to ‘ies’ to get its plural.
For example,
| Lady | Ladies |
 |  |
| Baby | Babies |
 |  |
Type 4. When a singular Noun ends with “s, sh, x, ch” , add “es” at the end to get its plural.
For example,
| Wish | Wishes |
 |  |
| Box | Boxes |
 |  |
| Bus | Buses |
 |  |
| Bench | Benches |
 |  |
All the above mentioned examples are called regular nouns.
