THEORY OF PSYCHO-SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT (FREUD)
The study of personality has become an inescapable necessity for
all psychologists. The truth of the matter is that man’s personality is formed
not by one factor but by numerous factors. Theories of personality have been
propounded on the basis of conceptions of personality formed by psychologists
according to their own line of thought.
Sigmund Freud: He developed
Psychoanalytic Theory. Psychoanalysis is dynamic and based on the assumption
that the personality is determined by primitive conflicts of sex and
unconsciousness of human behavior.
Freud Structure of Personality:
Sigmund Freud Divisions of Mind:
1.
Topographic Aspect
Psychoanalysis
means mind and body are interrelated and act on each other. Mind functions
three levels.
a)
Conscious: Aware of mental process.
b)
Sub-conscious: Certain time mental process is not
conscious after that we are aware of them if we try to recall them.
c)
Unconscious: Not aware of mental process. This
theory gives great stress on the unconscious level of our mind.
2.
Dynamic Aspect:
a) Id
b) Ego
c) Super Ego
Psychoanalytical Theory:
The proponent of this
theory was Sigmund Freud. According to
him, man’s personality is grimed out of the Id, the Ego and the Super
Ego. These terms explained thus: Id
regress to the general ego, Ego is
the individual’s ego and the Super Ego is man’s moral sense. Id is the
unconscious mind in which man’s instincts and innate desires. These demand
immediate satisfaction. The Ego comprehends with in itself consciousness, power
of taking decision or determination, the intellect and reasoning. The Super Ego
formed or generated by ideals. Regarding these three concepts, Freud has stated
that, “Ego is that part of the Id which has been modified by its proximity to
the external world and the influence the latter has on it and which serves the
purpose of receiving stimuli and projecting the organism from them, like the
cortical layer with which a particle of living substance surrounds itself”.
Thus Freud’s view is that
the human personality is generated by the three elements of Id, Ego and Super
Ego and that their combination manifests innumerable types of personalities.
Super Ego that expect of the ego which makes possible the process of self
observation and what is commonly called conscience.
