 |
Data Handling
Simple Equation
Lines & Angles
The Triangle & Its Properties
Congruence of Triangles
Comparing Quantities
Rational Numbers
Practical Geometry
Perimeter & Area
Algebraic Expression
Exponents & Power
Symmetry
Visualising Solid Shapes
- Snake Bite
- How the Squirrel Got Its Stripes
- Kondiba-A Hero
- Tall Trees
- A Tiger Comes to Town-I
- A Tiger Comes to Town-II
- The Shoeshine
- A Birthday Letter
- Nine Gold Medals
- Noise: How It Affects Our Lives
- My Elder Brother
- Indian Weavers
- The Last Stone Mason
- Stealing and Atonement
- My Vision for India
- My Only Cry
- Caring for Others
- The Little Girl
- A Prayer for Healing
- New Good Things from Rubbish
- The Village Pharmacy
- The Truth
- The Return of the Lion (One Act Play)
- Co-operate and Prosper
- Once Upon a Time
- Ustad Bismillah Khan
- The Parrot Who Wouldn't Talk
Sample Question Paper
- MODULE I: ALGEBRA
- MODULE II: COMMERCIAL MATHEMATICS
- Chapter 8. Percentage and its Applications
- Chapter 9. Instalment Buying
- MODULE III: GEOMETRY
- Chapter 10. Lines and Angles
- Chapter 11. Congruence of Triangles
- Chapter 12. Concurrent Lines
- Chapter 13. Quadrilaterals
- Chapter 14. Similarity of Triangles
- Chapter 15. Circles
- Chapter 16. Angles in a Circle and Cyclic Quadrilateral
- Chapter 17. Secants, Tangents and their Properties
- Chapter 18. Constructions
- Chapter 19. Co-ordinate Geometry
- MODULE IV: MENSURATION
- Chapter 20. Perimeters and Area of Plane Figures
- Chapter 21. Surface Area and Volume of Solid Figures
- MODULE V: TRIGNOMETRY
- Chapter 22. Introduction to Trigonometry
- Chapter 23. Trigonometric Ratios of Some Special Angles
- MODULE VI: STATISTICS
- Chapter 24. Data and Their Representation
- Chapter 25. Measures of Central Tendency
- Chapter 26. Introduction to Probability
- Lab Manual
- Sample Question Paper
- Module - 1 Measurement in Science
- Module 2: Matter in our Surroundings
- 2. Matter in Our Surroundings
- 3. Atom and Molecules
- 4. Chemical Reaction and Equations
- 5. Atomic Structure
- 6. Periodic Classification of Elements
- 7. Chemical Bonding
- 8. Acids, Bases and Salts
- Module 3: Moving Things
- 9. Motion and its Description
- 10. Force and Motion
- 11. Gravitation
- Module 4: Energy
- 12. Sources of Energy
- 13. Work and Energy
- 14. Thermal Energy
- 15. Light Energy
- 16. Electrical Energy
- 17. Magnetic Effect of Electric Current
- 18. Sound and Communication
- Module 5: The Living World
- 19. Classification of Living Organisms
- 20. History of Life on Earth
- 21. Building Blocks of Life - Cell and Tissues
- 22. Life Processes - 1 : Nutrition, Transportation, Respiration and Excretion
- 23. Life Processes - 2 : Control and Coordination
- 24. Life Processes - 3 : Reproduction
- 25. Heredity
- Module 6: Natural Resources
- 26. Air and Water
- 27. Metals and Non-metals
- 28. Carbon and Its Compounds
- Module 7: Humans and Environment
- 29. Natural Environment
- 30. Human Impact on Environment
- 31. Food Production
- 32. Health and Hygiene
- Lab Manual
Book 1
- बहादुर (कहानी)
- दोहे (कविता)
- गिल्लू (रेखाचित्र)
- आहवान (कविता)
- राबर्ट नर्सिंग होम मैं (रेपोतार्ज)
- भारत की ये बहादुर बेटियाँ (फीचर)
- आजादी (कविता)
- चन्द्रगहना से लौटती बेर (कविता)
- अख़बार की दुनिया (गद्य)
- पढ़ें कैसे (गद्य)
- सार कैसे लिखें (लेखन)
- इसे जगाओ (कविता)
- सुखी राजकुमार (कहानी)
- बूढ़ी पृथ्वी का दुख (कविता)
Book 2
- अँधेर नगरी (नाटक)
- अपना पराया (वैज्ञानिक)
- बीती विभावरी जाग री (कविता)
- नाखून क्यों बढ़ते हैं (ललित निबंध)
- शतरंज के खिलाडी (कहानी)
- उनको प्रणाम (कविता)
- पत्र कैसे लिखें (लेखन)
- निबंध कैसे लिखें (लेखन)
multimedia and webpage creator, Page Layout, Presentation, Software for Word Processing, Statistical & Graphical
SOFTWARES
MS-WORD
Definition:
Microsoft Word is a word
processing software application that enables you to create both simple and
complex documents, such as memos or reports. Microsoft Word provides tools to
enable you to check spelling of your document, create to merge letters and add
graphics to enhance your written information.
Microsoft Word is a
widely commercial word processor designed by Microsoft. Microsoft Word is a
component of the Microsoft Ofiice suite of productivity software, but can also
be purchased as a standalone product.
It was initially launched
in 1983 and has since been revised numerous times. Microsoft Word is available
on both Windows and Macintosh operating systems.
Microsoft Word is often called simply as Word or
MS Word.
History:
In 1981, Microsoft hired
Charles Simonyi to develop a word-processing application. The first version was
released in 1983. It was not initally pupolar owning to its radically different
look compared to WordPerfect, the leading word processor at that time. However,
Microsoft improved Word continually over the years, including a 1985 version
that could run on a Mac. 1987 brought about the second major release of Word,
which included an upgrade of major features in addtion to new functionalities
such as support for the rich text format.
In 1995, with the
release of Windows 95 and Office 95, which offered a bundled set of office
productivity softwares, sales of Microsoft Word increased significantly.
Microsoft Word offers
several features to ease document creation and editing, including:
* WYSIWYG (what-you-see-is-what-you-get) display. It
ensures that everything you see on screen will appear the same way when printed
or moved to another format or program.
* Spell Check: Word comes with an built-in
dictionary for spell checking misspelled words are marked with a red squiggly
underline. Sometimes, Word auto-corrects an obviously misspelled word or
phrase.
* Text-level features such as bold, underline,
italic and strike-through.
* Page-level features sucha s indentation,
paragraphing and justification.
* External support: Word is compatible with many
other programs, the most common being the other members of the Office suite.
A program or machine for
storing, manipulating and formatting text entered from a keyboard became and
providing a printout.
The great advantage of
word processing over using a tyewriter is that you can make changes without
retyping the entire document. If you make a typing mistake, you simply back up
the cursor and correct your mistake. If you want to delete a paragraph, you simply
remove it, without leaving a trace. It is equally easy to insert a word,
sentence or paragraph in the middle of a document. Word processors also make it
easy to move sections of text from one place to another within a documen or
between documents. When you have made all the changes youwant, you can send the
file to a printer to get a hard copy.
MS-OFFICE
DESKTOP APPLIATIONS
* Microsoft Word
* Microsoft Excel
* Microsoft Power
* Point Microsoft Publisher
* Microsoft Access
* Microsoft InfoPath
* Microsoft Lync
* Microsoft OneNote
* Microsoft Outlook
* Microsoft Project
* Microsoft SharePoint Designer
* Microsoft SharePoint Foundation
* Microsoft Visio
* Microsoft MapMaker
Tools:
* Microsoft Equation Editor
* WordArt
MICROSOFT WORD
Microsoft Word is the
word processing component of the Microsoft Office Suite and is one of the most
extensively used computer applications. Its advantages include: It allows easy
and near-instant textual input. There is a large variety of formatting options,
including a variety of colour choices, the ability to change font-weight
(bold/regular), underlying etc. Images can be drag-and-dropped into the
application, inserted manually or imported from the word-art galleries. Lists
can be easily created and formatted. Content is displayed using the standard
HTML formatting, allowing great compatibility and creating a standardized,
easy-to-control layout. Compatible with a large number of standard document
formats. Extensive help documentation. Self-explanatory dialogue boxes and menu
options. Increased office efficiency improved human resource utilization
additionally, microsoft word being such a logical and easy-to-use program, it
has deceived many into thinking they are experts in the program, but, quite
comfortingly, the common expert can use it sufficiently to achieve most
word-processing needs.
Microsoft Word is the
word processing application in the Microsoft Office Suite. Create
professional-looking, formatted text documents with this powerful word
processing software.
FEATURES
OF MS-WORD
1. Spell
Checker:
Spelling and grammar mistakes can distract readers
from the work that you put into documents, so you want to eliminate these
mistakes. Even so, you probably have your own preferences for how to use your
Microsoft Office program to help you do this. You might prefer to check
spelling all at once when you finish a document. Or you might want to use the
spell check or grammar check (the wavy red, blue and green lines) to keep
mistakes to a aminimum while you work.
2. Toolbar:
A toolbar is a set of
icons or buttos that are part of a software program’s interface or an open
window. When it is part of a program’s interface, the toolbar typically sits
directly underthe menu bar. For example, Adobe Photoshop include a toolbar that
allows you to adjust settings for each selected tool. If the paintbrush is
selected, the toolbar will provide options to change the brush size, opacity
and flow. Microsoft Word has a toolbar with icons that allow you to open, save
and print documents, as well as change the font, text size and style of the
text. Like many programs, the Word toolbar can be customized by adding or
delegating options.
3. Header
& Footer:
A header or footer is
text or graphics that is usually printed at the top or bottom of every page in
a document. A header is printed in the top margin; a footer is printed in the
bottom margin.
Headers and footers can
be as simple as the document title and a page number, but you can create
headers and footers that contain graphics, multiple paragraphs and fields. You
can specify a different header or footer for odd and even pages or use a
different header or footer for the first page of a section document. If you
divide a document into sections, you can use different headers and footers in
each section. For example, you might want the header for each section to
reflect the title of that section.
4. Bullets
& Numbering:
Word lets you make two
types of lists: bulleted and numbered. Bulleted and numbered lists help to
simplify steps or items to the reader. Teachers often use bulleted lists to
highlight important pieces of their lessons. Manuals often include numbered
lists to assist the reader in step-by-step instruction.
A bullet is usually a
black circle but it can be any other symbol used to highlight items in a list.
Use bullets to list items that do not have to be in any other symbol used to
highlight items in a list. Use bullets to list items that do not have to be in
any particular order.
5. Thesaurus:
A thesaurus is a
dictionary of synonyms, words and phrases that mean the same thing as a
particular word or phrase. Microsoft Word and in more recent versions of
Microsoft Office, other programs in the Office suite, come equpped with a
thesaurus feature that enables you to look up bothsynonyms and antonyms (words
and phrases that mean the opposite of a particular word or phrase). Using
Word’s thesaurus feature can help you add more variety to your writing and
suggests and phrases that your readers can better understand than th words
you’re uncertain of. Here’s how to use Word’s thesaurus feature.
6.
Mail Merge:
Mail merge is a tool in
MS-Word that enables you to create multiple copies of a document with small
changes in each.
Take an example of
appointment letter. For every employee the format and structure of letter is
almost identical except those information related to the employee.
7.
Macro:
A macro is an automated
input sequence that imitates keystrokes or mouse actions. A macro is typically
used to replace a repetitive series of keyboard and mouse actions and is common
is spreadsheet and word processing applications like MS Excel and MS Word. The
file extensions of a macro is commonly MAC. The concept of macros is also well
known among MMORPG gamers (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games) and
SEO (Search Engine Optimization) specialist.
8.
Equation Editor:
Using the equation to
make mathematical calculation that comes with Microsoft Word, equations can be
inserted into Word, PowerPoint or any application that supports Object Linking
and Embedding (OLE).
9.
Word Views (Ex: Normal, Print Layout, Web Layout, Out Line)
GETTING STARTED WITH WORD
Parts
of the Word Window
Shown below is the
Microsoft Word default windiw. When Word os launched, a new blank document or
default window, opens in Print Layout view. Although window elements are fully
explained in our Windows course, here is a brief explanation of the Word
Window.
Title
bar:
Diplays documents name followed by a program name.
Menu
bar:
Contains a list of options to manage and customize
documents.
Standard
toolbar:
Contains shortcut buttons for the mot poular
commands.
Formatting
toolbar:
Contains buttons for formatting.
Ruler:
Used to set margins, indents and tabs.
Insertion
Point:
The location where the next character appears.
End-of-document
marker:
Indicates the end of the document.
Help:
Provides
quick access to Help topics.
Scroll
bars:
Used to view parts of the document.
Status
bar:
Displays position of the insertion point and working
mode buttons.
Task
Pane:
Provides easy access to commonly used menus,
buttons and tools.
Biew
Buttons:
Changes the layout view of the document to normal
view, web layout view, print layout view or outline view.
Office
Assistant:
Links to the Microsoft Office Help feature.
Change
in View:
In an effort to provide
various ways in which to view your work in progress and remain organized, Word
XP offers five different views for your document. The five views are Normal
view, Print Layout view, Web layout view, Outline view and Full screen view.
Normal
view is best used for typing, editing, formatting
and proofreading. It provides a maximum amount of space without rulers or page
numbers cluttering your view.
Web
Layout view shows you what
your text will look like on a web page.
Print
Layout view shows you what
your document will look like when it is printed. Under Print Layout view you
can see all elements of the page. Print Preview shows you this as well.
Outline
view is used to create and edit outlines. Outline
view only shows the heaings in a document. This view is particualrly handy when
making notes.
Full
Screen view displays ONLY the document that you are working
on. All the other pieces of the Word window are removed except for one button
that allow you to Close View Screen.
SAVING A NEW FILE
When
Saving a File for the First Time:
* Click File on
the Menu Bar.
* Slect Save –
Ctrl+S.
Using
the Standard Toolbar to Save:
Note:
Choose the Save
button 
on the Standard Toolbar.
on the Standard Toolbar.
Save
As Dialogue Box
After selecting Save from
the Menu Bar or the Standard Toolbar, the Save
As Dialog Box appears.
To
Specify a File Location:
* Open the Save
In: drop down list box.
* Choose 31/2 floppy (A:) if saving to a flopy disk.
* Choose (C:)
if saving to your hard disk.
* Name your file in the File Name: box.
* Click Save.
If you do not choose a
file name, Microsoft word will assign a file name for you give it a different
name when prompted in the File name box.
If you do not specify a
file location, Office uses the My Documents folder as the default location. So,
if you can’t find a file, check My Documents.
After
Naming and Saving a File Once:
v Click the Save
button 
on the Standard
toolbar.
on the Standard
toolbar.
OR
v Go to the File
menu and choose Save.
Saving
a File Under a New Name
If you wish to create an
exact copy of an original doument for editing or revising purposes, you should
perform a Save As on the file and save it under a new name. this will guarantee
that you always have a saved, original copy.
Follow these steps to perform a Save As:
* Click File from
the menu bar.
* Select Save
As. The Save As Dialog Box appears.
* Type a new name for your file in the File name: box.
* Click Save.
TEXT EDITING
The ability to change
text by adding, deleting and rearranging letters, words, sentences and
paragraphs. Text editing is the main operational users perform in word.
Processors, which typically also handle graphics and other multimedia files.
See text editor and word processing.
STEPS
FOR TEXT EDITING:
Using
Undo – Cntrl + Z
Have you made a mistake
in your document and needed to go back and make changes, but you thought it was
too late? Good news! Word offers a feature that helps prevent this from
happening.
The Undo command lets you ‘Undo’ or delete the last change made to your
document. As you can imagine, this is a very useful feature. If you take a
change or mistake that you do not want or did not mean to do, you can simply
‘undo’ your action.
Word remembers up to 300
actions in a document allows you to undo any or all of them as long as you
havn’t closed the document first.
To
Use Undo:
* Click Edit or
the menu bar.
* Select Undo
– this command will change names depending on the action you just took. If
you accidentally deleted a sentence, it says Undo Clear.
* Press Cntrl+Z
on your keyboard for a shortcut to
Undo.
OR
* Undo all your recent actions by repeatedly
clicking the Undo button located on
the Standard toolbar.
Notice the small list arrow next to the Undo button. When you click on it, you
see a list of all the separate actions you have performed on the document you
are working on. You can select as many actions as you want to undo.
IMPORTANT:
If you undo an action in the
middle of the list, you will also undo all the actions above the one you
select. For example, if you undo the 15th action inyour list, you
will also be undoing the 14 actions that came before the one you select.
Using
Repeat – Ctrl+Y:
The Repeat feature allows you to repeat
the last action and can help to save a lot of times as you create your
document.
To
Use Repeat:
* Click Edit on
the menu bar.
* Select Repeat
– this command will change names depending on the action you just took. If
you format a title o one page and wish to format another title the same way
suing Repeat, it will say Repeat Style.
* Press Ctrl+Y
on your keyboard for a shortcut to repeat.
Cut,
Copy, Paste:
Often in word processing,
you will need to transfer information from one document to another. Instead of
having to re-type pr replace this information, Word allows you to move a block
of text (a word, sentence, paragraph, page, document or graphic). Cut, Copy and Paste are extremely
time-saving features. The Cut, Copy and
Paste buttons are located on the Standard toolbar.
Cut
and Paste:
* The cut feature allows you to remove selected text
from the document and temporarily place it on the Office Clipboard.
* The Clipboard is a temporary storage file in your
computer’s memory. Items placed on the Clipboard will remain there until you
exit Word.
* The Paste feature allows you to go get text from
the Clipboard and place it in the same or even another document.
Copy
and Paste:
* The copy feature allows you to copy selected text
from the document and temporarily place it on the Clipboard.
* The Clipboard is a temporary storage file in your
computer’s memory.
* The Clipboard can hold up to twenty-five items.
Once you copy the 26th item, the first copied item is delected.
* The paste feature allows you to select any of the
collected items on the Clipboard place it in the same or even another document.
Note:
You can Copy information from many different
sources including Websites, Emails and other Office applications like Excel and
PowerPoint.
To
Cut and Paste a Block of Text:
* Select the text
you want to move.
* Click the Cut
button on the Standard Toolbar.
* Place the insertion
point where you want the text inserted.
* Click the Paste
button.
To
Copy and Paste a Block of Text:
* Select
the text you want to move.
* Click the
Copy button on the Standard Toolbar.
* Place the insertion
point where you want the text inserted.
* Click the Paste
button.
* Once the item has been pasted, you can determine
the formatting by clicking on the Paste
Options button that appears just below your pasted selection. Check or de-select any of the following
options:
·
Keep Source Formatting – maintains the text formatting of the original
document.
·
Match Destination Formatting – formats
the pasted text to match the text formatting in the document in which it was
pasted.
·
Keep Text Only – removes any graphics that you may have copied
along with the copied text.
·
Apply Style or Formatting – allows you to choose a specific forat from the
Style and Formatting menu.
Viewing
the Clipboard items:
* Click Edit on
the Menu Bar.
* Select
Office Clipboard.
* The Clipboard
will appear on the right side of the Word window in the Task Pane.
* The Clipboard will display any of the 24 items you
have copied.
Menu
Commands:
* Edit – cut
* Edit – copy
* Edit – paste
Keyboard
Shortcuts:
* Ctrl+C = copy
* Ctrl+X = cut
* Ctrl+V = paste
Become comfortable using
the keyboard shortcuts to increase your speed in word processing.
If you cut, copy, or
paste something you didn’t mean to, use the Undo button or choose not to
have changes to your document when you close your document.
Find
and Replace:
Word XP allows you to
search for specific words in your document as well as fonts, special characters
and formats. The Find and Replace functiona;ity can really
help save our time and effort in your word processing goals.
For example, consider a
document you are editing that displays Word 2000 needs to be updated to Word
XP. Currently the document has the text, Word 2000 typed again and again
throughout the document. Using Find and
Replace to replace Word 2000 with Word XP will save you much time and
effort in your editing process.
Using
Find – Ctrl+F
* Click Edit on
the menu bar
* Select Find.
The Find and Replace dialog box appears.
* Type a word, phrase or format in the Find What box.
* Word will jump to the first instance of this word
and will highlight the word for easy location.
* Continue Clicking the Find Next button to find all other instances of this word.
You
can perform a more detailed search by clicking the More button on the Find and
Replace dialog box.
* Click Edit on
the menu bar
* Select Find.
The Find and Replace dialogue box
appears.
* Type a word, phrase of format in the Find What box.
* Click More to
conduct a detailed search.
* Click the Search
list box if you want to limit your search to a specific part of the
document.
* Use the Check
Boxes to limit your search
* Click Format
if you want to limit your search to words in a specific Font, Paragraph,
Tab, Language, Frame, Style or Highlight.
* Click Special
to search for unctuation marks or section breaks.
* Click Find
Next to start the search.
Using
Replace – Ctrl+H
* Click Edit on
the menu bar.
* Select Replace.
The Find and Replace dialog box appears.
* Type the word, phrase or format in the Find What: box that you are searching
for.
* Type the word, phrase or format in the Replace With: box that will replace
what is in the Find What: box.
* Click Find
Next to conduct your search.
* When Word finds a word of phrase, do one of the
following.
·
Ignore
it.
·
Click
Replace.
·
Click
Replace All to replace every occurrence of the selected text with the
replacement text.
·
Click Find Next to bypass it and find the
next.
·
Click Cancel to quit.
SPELL AND GRAMMAR @AUTO CORRECT
Thesaurus:
A thesaurus is a
dictionary of synonyms, words and phrases that mean the same thing as a
particular word or phrase. Microsoft Word and in more recent versions of
Microsoft Office, other programs in the Office suite, come equipped with a
thesaurus feature that enables you to look up both synonyms and antonyms (words
and phrases that mean the opposite of a particular word or phrase). Using
Word’s thesaurus feature can help you add more variety to your writing and
suggest words and phrases that your readers can better understand than the words
you’re uncertain of. Here’s how to use
Word’s thesaurus feature.
A thesaurus is a
collection of synonyms and antonyms to a word. When you look up a word in a
thesaurus, it will provide alternative words that you can also use.
Word’s Auto Correct feature can assist you in word processing tasks.
AutoCorrect can help you locate misspelled words and correct them as you type.
AutoCorrect can also be customized so that commonly used words will be
automatically entered without having to type the entire word.
Examples:
When typing the
misspelled word, stand, Word will automatically convert this type to the
correct spelling stand.
Modifying
AutoCorrect:
* Click Tools
* Select AutoCorrect
Options from the menu bar. The AutoCorrect
Options dialog box appears.
* Check
or de-select any of
the following options:
·
Show
AutoCorrect Options buttons.
·
Correct
two initial capitals.
·
Capitalize
the first letter of the sentence.
·
Capitalize
the first letter of table cells.
·
Capitalize
names of days.
·
Correct
accidental usage of Caps Lock key.
·
Replace
text as you type.
* Use the Replace:
box to type a word you frequently misspell or type a shorthand word to
represent a longer word or phrase, such as GCFLearnFree.org.
* Use the With:
box to type the correct word.
* Click Add.
If you type misspelled
word into AutoCorrect’s With: box,
AutoCorrect always misspells that word.
If AutoCorrect changes a
word that you don’t want it to change, you can hover the pointer over the area
where the auto correction was made and a Smart
Tag will appear that allows you to reset the original word. Click on the
Smart Tag and a drop-down list options to reverse the action is displayed.
Spell
and Grammar Check:
Not only does Word allow
you to Undo possible mistakes in
your document and spelling as you type.
Green wavy lines are placed underneath possible grammar mistakes and a red wavy line under possible spelling
mistakes. All of Word’s grammar and spelling errors may not be correct, so you
can choose to ignore these error
makings and keep typing, or you can correct the mistakes and/or add the
corrections to Word’s dictionary.
To
Use Spell Check as You Type:
* Place your I-Beam over the misspelled word and
right click.
* A menu list displays the following options:
boldfaced suggested spellings, Ignore, Add to Dictionary, AutoCorrect, Language
or Spelling.
·
Select
the boldfaced suggestion to replace the incorrectly spelled word in the document.
·
Select
Ignore and Word ignores all future instances of this spelling in this document.
·
Select
Add to Dictionary and Word adds the underlined word to the dictionary so it
won’t be flagged as an error in any other document you create.
·
Select
AutoCorrect to add the correct spelling to your list of words that Word
automatically corrects as you type.
·
Select
AutoCorrect to add the correct spelling to your list of words that Word
automatically correct as you type.
·
Select
language to specify a word as part of another laguage, preventing Word from
seeing this word as a mistake.
·
If you
select spelling, the Spelling and Grammar dialogue box appears.
Check
Grammar as you Type
Word
puts a green wavy line under possible grammar mistakes.
To Work on Suspected Grammatical Mistakes:
* Place your I-bean over the grammatical mistake and
right click.
* A menu list displays the following options:
boldfaced grammar suggestion, Ignore, Grammar, About this sentence.
·
Select
Ignore and Word ignores the grammatical mistake it believes to exist.
·
Select
Grammar and the Grammar dialog box appears.
·
Select
about this Sentence and the Office Assistant will offer you reasons as to why
Word believes this to be a grammatical error.
To Use the Spelling and Grammar Dialog Box:
* Choose one of the following options, depending on
what you think of Word’s suggestions:
·
Click
Ignore Once toignore this one instance of the grammatical error in your
document.
·
Click
Ignore Rule to ignore this grammatical error and all other grammatical errors
of this type in the document.
·
Click
Next Sentence to take you to the next grammatical error listed in your
document.
·
Click
Change to replace the error with what is in the Suggestion box.
·
Click
Explain to open the Office Assistant, which will offer you reasons for this
error.
If the red and green wavy lines distract you, you can turn them off:
* Choose Tools Options from the menu bar. The
Options dialog box appears.
* Click the Spelling & Grammar tab.
* Un-check the Check Spelling as You Type or Check
Grammar as You Type so the check box that it is empty.
* Click OK.
TEXT FORMATTING
Appearance of the text
or presentation of your essay. Another word for formatting is layout. Most
essays contain at least four different kinds of text: heaings, ordinary
paragraphs, quotations and bibliographic references. You may also include
footnotes and endnotes. You also have to consider the fonts that you use and
page numbering.
Formatting
is important for two reasons:
* It makes your essay look like an essay (rather
than a letter or a note to a friend).
* It helps to mak your essay more readable.
Formatting Toolbar:
The Formatting Toolbar contains buttons that allows you to change the
appearances of your text. The formatting toolbar contains buttons for font size, font style, colors and other
options. There are many different types of fonts. Some fonts are better
used for business correspondence while others are great for fun projects like
birthday cards. Your computer probably has twenty
or more different fonts installed.
To View the Formatting Toolbar:
* Click View on
the Menu Bar.
* Select Toolbars and then Formatting from the casecading menu.
Bold, Italics and Underline
Any text you type in Word,
can be further customized by using the bold, italicized or underlined options.
You can even do a combination of all the three options!
To change the Type Style of Text:
* Select
the text you want to change.
* Choose one or more of the following options: (to stress
emphasis you might want to try using the bold
options)
·
Click
the Bold button on the Formatting
toolbar. Ctrl+B
·
Click
the Italic button on the Formatting
toolbar. Ctrl+I
·
Click
the Underline button on the Formatting toolbar. Ctrl+U
·
Word
automatically displays your changes.
To avoid frustration,
remember to select text before you apply style. If you choose a type style
without selecting any text, Word uses your chosen styles on whatever text you
type next.
Font Names:
To select a font, you can scroll
through the Font list. The list shows you all the fonts that are available on
the computer you are using.
As you scroll through the
many different font names, take notice of those fonts that have TT beside their
name. these True Type fonts will
liik the same on both the computer screen and when you print them on paper.
Aligning Text:
Aligning text can be
invaluable when trying to format your document to meet certain standards. Most
documents have text that is left aligned. However, if you were creating a
greeting card or advertisement, you were creating a greeting card or
advertisement, you might need to know how to center align, right align or
justify your text.
Align Text Using the Alignment Buttons:
* Select the text you want to align.
* Click the Align Left, Align Right or Justify
button on the Formatting toolbar.
Below, you will view
examples of text that are aligned using the left, right, center and justified
alignment buttons.
Using Color:
The use of color can add
emphasis to your words and make your document easier to read. If you own a
color printer, you can print documents in different colors. If you do not own a
color printer, your document will only appear in color on the screen.
To Change the Color of Text:
* Select the text you want to change.
* Click the
download-pointing arrow on the Font
Color button on the Formatting toolbar.
A Color Palette appears.
* Click the color you want to apply.
v
Word
changes the color of your text.
If you would like to see
more color options., Click the More
Colors button at the bottom of the color palette. You can choose from a
list of Standard Colors or Customize your own color by clicking
the Customize Tab.
Font Dialog Box
The Font Dialog Box gives similar options as the Formatting toolbar,
however, it also offers more advanced text features. You can use the Font
Dialog Box to change your font, font style, style, size, color and many other
font effects.
To Open the Font Dialog Box:
v Click Format
on the Menu Bar.
v Select Font
from the menu list. The Font Dialog
Box will appear.
NOTE: Remember
you can also access the Font Dialog Box from
the Font menu on the Task Pane.
You can change the Font Size from both the Font Dialog Box and the Formatting toolbar. You can use
different font sizes to give emphasis to different parts of your document. For
example, the title of your document could be displayed larger than the contents
of your paper. Font size is commonly expresssed in points. Font sizes range
from 8 point (extremely small) to 72 point (very big). Word allows you to
choose sizes smaller than 8 point and larger than 72 point, but you must type these
in manually in the Font Size box.
The Standard Font Size
for most documents is 12 Point. You can preview different font sizes in the
Preview window in the Font dialog box.
v Select Reveal
Formatting on the Task Pane.
v Click the blue link, Font: under the Font Headng. The Font dialog box appears.
v Click on a font from the Font list.
v Select a size from the Font Size list.
v Look at the text in the preview window as you try different sizes.
OR
v Click Format
on the Menu Bar.
v Select Font
from the menu list. The Font dialog
box appears.
v Click on a font from the Font list.
v Select a size from the Font Size list.
v Look at the text in the preview window as you try different sizes.
NOTE: Remember
you can also change the font size from the Formatting
toolbar
Bullets and Numbering
Word lets you make two
types of lists: bulleted and numbered. Bulleted
and numbered lists help to simplify steps or items to the reader. Teachers
often use bulleted lists to highlight important pieces of their lessons.
Manuals often include numbered lists to assist the reader in stp-by-stp
instruction.
A bullet is usually a black circle but it can be any other symbol
used to highlight items in a list. Use bullets to list items that do not have
to be in any particular order.
Numbers (or
letters) are used when information has to be in a certain order. You can use
the default Bullets and Numbering
settings by clicking on the appropriate button on the Formatting toolbar.
Create Bulleted and Numbered Lists
To Create a Bulleted List:
v Click the Bullets
button on the Formatting toolbar.
v Type the first item on your list and press Enter.
v The next line will begin automatically with a new
bullet.
v Type the next item on your list and press Enter.
v When your list is complete, press the Enter key twice to stop the bulleted list.
To Create a Numbered List:
v Click on the Numbering
button on the Formatting toolbar.
v Type the first item on your list and press Enter.
v The next line will begin automatically with the
next number.
v Type the next item on your list and press Enter.
v When your list is complete, press the Enter key twice to stop the numbered list.
Review the following tips that will help you
manage your numbered or bulleted lists.
v Remove a bullet
by placing the insertion point to
the right of the bullet or number and press backspace (you will not be able to place your insertion point to
the left of the bullet).
v If you want to change a bulleted list to a numbered list (or vice versa), select
the entire list and click on the appropriate button.
v To create a line
break between items in a bulleted or numbered list, place your cursor where
you want the line break and press Shift
+ Enter.
The Bullets and Numbering Dialog Box
Word offers you many other options for your bullets and numbers, other than the default that you have seen so far.
You can view the type of bullets and numbers available to you by opening the Bullets and Numbering Dialog Box.
v Select the text you want to turn into a list.
v Click Format
on the Menu Bar.
v Select Bullets
and . The Bullets and Numbering
Dialog Box appears.
v Click on the Bulleted
Tab to view all the bullet options and click on the Numbered Tab to view all the number options.
v Select what kind of bullets or numbers that you
want and click OK.
The Bullets and Numbering
Dialog Box also offers you Outline
Numbered options. By clicking on the Outline
Numbered Tab you can view templates for creating an outline. The List Styles Tab allows you to create
your own list style using similar alignment, bullets and characters.
Use of Symbols:
There are any Symbols that you might often see in
publicatins that are not directly available from your keyboard. For example,
the Copyright symbol, ©, is not available on the keyboard but can be selected from Word’s Symbol Dialog Box.
Other commonly used symbols that appear in the Symbol Dialog Box are:
v © Copyright
v ® Registration
v TMTrademark
v Checkmark
v --- Em Dash
Insert Symbols
To Insert Symbols into your Document:
v Click Insert
on the Menu Bar.
v Select Symbols.
The Symbols Dialog Box appears.
v Click the Symbols
Tab to select a symbol from a Font type.
OR
v Click the Special
Characters Tab to view other commonly used symbols.
v Click on the Symbol
or Special Character you would like to select and then Click Insert.
v The Symbol or Character will show up in your
document.
v Click Close.
Note: The
available symbols will depend on which fonts
you have installed on your machine. Word comes with pre-installed symbols
for you use, but other fonts such as, Windlings,
will also offer numerous symbol options.
3.4.8 PARAGRAPH ALIGNMENT
Paragraph Dialog Box:
You can use the At Least,
Exactly and Multiple options in the Paragraph
Dialog Box bto customize your line spacing. If you select one of these
options ypu will need to use the At: box to further define your selection.
Note: When
you make a line spacing change, it affects only the text in a paragraph that
contains the insertion point.
Paragraph Spacing:
Just as you can add
spacing between lines in your document, you can also choose spacing options
between each paragraph. Typically, extra spaces are added between paragraphs,
headings or subheadings. Extra spacing between paragraphs adds emphasis and
makes a document easier to read.
Choose extra space:
v Before each paragraph.
v After each paragraph.
v Or, before and after each paragraph.
To Specify Paragraph Spacing:
v Select the text you want to format.
v Choose Reveal
Formatting on the Task Pane and
click on any of the blue links under the Paragraph heading.
OR
v Click Format
on the menu bar.
v Select Paragraph,
The Paragraph dialog box appears.
v Click the Indents
and Spacing tab.
·
Alignment:
Choose left, right, center or justified.
·
Identation:
Adjust the left and right margins by clicking the up and down arrows. Use the Special drop-down menu to select the
first line as having the indent or to create a hanging indent.
·
Spacing:
To emphasize a block of text, xlixk the up and down arrows.
·
Preview:
Gives an idea how yourtext will look.
Line Spacing:
Document text can be
formatted toshow a number of line spacing options. The most common spacing
options are single-spaced and double-spaced.
Line spacing is measured in lines or points.
When the line spacing is
measured in points. It is referred to as leading (rhymes with wedding). When
you reduce the leading you atomatically bring the lines of text closer
together, sometimes making it difficult to read. Increasing the leading will space the lines
out, allowing for improved readability. For example, the 10 point font usually
uses 12 point leading. This is the default
and in general should be used.
To Format Line Spacing:
v Select
the text youwant to format.
v Choose Reveal
Formatting on the Task Pane and
click on any of the blue links under the Paragraph heading.
OR
v Click Format
on the menu bar.
v Select Paragraph.
The Paragraph dialog box appears.
v Click on the Indents
and Spacing tab.
v In the Line spacing drop down menu, you may select
single, 1.5 or double spacing. The default is single spacing.
v Click OK.
OR
v Select
the text you want to format.
v Click on the
Line Spacing button on the
Formatting Menu.
v Select option from the drop-down menu.
Insert Headers and Footers
The Header and Footer usually contain title and author information
dates and page numbers. The Header appears
at the top of the page and the Footer appears
at the bottom of the page.
To Insert a Header and Footer:
v Click View on
the Menu Bar.
v Select Header
and Footer.
v The document will appear grayed out with a dotted
Header and Footer box showing at the top and bottom of the page.
v Locate
the Header and Footer Toolbar on the page.
v Type inside the dotted boxes to insert your Header
and/or Footer.
v Click Close
on the Header and Footer Toolbar when you are finished.
Header and Footer Toolbar:
The Header
and Footer Toolbar contains buttons that can help you automatically enter
important information in your header and footer.
Some of the useful features located on the Header and Footer Toolbar
are:
v Insert
Auto-Text – drop-down menu
showing commonly used header and footer information, including author, page
number and date.
v Insert
Page Number –
inserts the page numbers.
v Insert
Number of Pages –
inserts the number of pages in the entire document.
v Format
Page Number –
opens the Page Number Format Dialog box so
that you can format your page number in the header and footer.
v Insert
Date.
v Insert
Time.
v Page
Setup – opens the Page Setup Dialog box so that you can
adjust the location of the header and footer.
v Switch
between Header and Footer –
allows you to jump quickly between the header and footer on a page.
v Close
– closes the Header and Footer Toolbar.
Delete Header and Footer:
If you choose to delete
your Header or Footer, Word will automatically delete the Header or Footer
within the entire document.
The Document the Header or Footer:
v Click View
on
the Menu Bar.
v Select
Header and Footer.
v Highlight the
text within the Header or Footer (whichever text you would like to delete).
v Press
Delete. The text is now removed.
v Click
Close.
Note: You can
delete the Header and Footer on just the first page of the document by choosing
File – Page Setup. On the Page Setup Dialog Box, choose the Layout Tab and
place a checkmark next to Different First Page under Headers and Footers, then
click OK.
Create a Text Box:
Placing text inside of a
Text Box helps focus the reader’s
eye on the page content. Newsletters, flyers, reports, announcements, school
projects or other types of publications, often use Word’s text box feature.
Text Boxes can be
formatted with shadings, color, borders and graphics, making for an impressive
display of your Word skills.
To Create a Text Box:
v Click Insert
on the Meu Bar.
v Select Text
Box from the menu list.
v The mouse pointer becomes a crosshair.
v Place your insertion point where you want your
text box.
v Left
click and drag the
text box until it is the appropriate size. Release the left mouse button when
ready.
v The text box will by default contain a white
background color and a thin black border.
To Insert Text into the Text Box:
v Click once inside the text box.
v The box is selected and a blinking insertaion
point appears inside the box.
v Begin typing.
v Format text (change font, fon size,style etc) in
the usual manner (Select text first,make changes later).
Moving and Resizing Text Boxes
To resize a Text Box
v Click once on on of the box’s borders. The box is
now highlighted.
v Sizing handles (small circles) appear. Hover the
mouse pointer over any of the sizing handles (small circles) until it turns
into a diagnoally pointing arrow.
v Click and drag the sizing handle until the box is
the desired size.
To Move a Text Box:
v Click once on the text box’s border.
v Hover your mouse pointer over the border until it
becomes a crosshair with arrows.
v Using this crosshairs, click and drag the box
until it is in the desired location.
The Format Text Dialog Box:
As mentioned earlier, the
default for the text box in Word is a white background with a thin, black
border. Using the Format Text Box dialog
box, you can choose different fill colors and lines, size, layout and
textbox.
To Use the Format Text Box Dialog Box:
v Double click on a text box border. The format Text
Box dilog box appears.
OR
v Right-click on the text box borderand select
Format Text Box. The Format Text Box dialog box appears.
You can access the Text box feature from the
Drawing toolbar.
v Click View on the Menu Bar.
v Select Toolbar and then Drawing from the cascading
menu. The Drawing toolbar appears at
the bottom of your document.
v Click the Text box button. Don’t confuse this
button with the Rectangle button.
You cannot insert text using the Rectangle
button.
v The Text Box Dialog Box offers you several tabs to
choose from:
·
Color
and Lines: Fill text box with color, define the border colors, styles and
weight.
·
Size:
Define a specific size
·
Layout:
Text wrap and alignment
·
Textbox:
Internal margins
Working with Clumns:
Displaying information in
columns gives the writer more
options for displaying different types of information on a page while remaining
easy for the viewer to read. Certain kinds of information are best displayed
using columns. Newspaper, newsletters, flyers, reports, announcements, school
projects or other types of publications, often use Word’s column feature.
Working with columns can
be challenging, but with practice, you’ll have columns mastered in no time. An
approach we will first try will be to enter into a singl column and then
convert it into multiple columns.
Create Columns Using the Columns Button:
v Switch to Print
Layout View
v To make equal columns, move the insertion point to
the end of the text and insert a continuous section break by choosing Insert Break Continuous.
v Select
the text you want to change
to columns.
v Click the Column
Button on the Standard Toolbar.
v The Columns Button will expand to give you four column options.
v Choose one of the options to format your text into
columns.
You can adjust the
spacing and alignment of the columns by using the ruler. Drag the Right Margin,
Left Margin and Right Indent using your mouse until the columns appear the way
you want.
To Enter a Title that Spans a Column:
v Enter the title at the beginning of thr first
column.
v Select the title.
v Click the Columns button on the Standard toolbar
and drag to select number of columns.
Creating Columns Using the Columns Dialog Box:
Using the Column Dialog Box versus the Columns Button will give you much more
control and precision over your column structure. The Columns Dialog Box will
also give you a few more column options, including Left and Right columns as
well as as the ability to create up to eight columns per page.
Using the Column Dialog Box:
v Switch to Print
Layout View
v To make equal columns, move the insertion point to
the end of the text and insert a continuous section break by choosing Insert Break Continuous.
v Select the text you want to change to columns
v Click Format
on the Menu Bar.
v Select Columns
from the menu list. The Columns
Dialog Box appears.
The Column Dialog Box gives you the following options:
v Presets – Click a box to choose a preset number of
columns.
v Number of Columns – use the up and down arrow keys
to select between one and eight columns
v Line Between – Places lines between your columns.
v Width and Spacing – Offers features that allow you
ti specify an exact number for the height and width of your columns, as well as
the spacing between your columns.
v Equal Column Width – Check this checkbox if you
want columns to be the same width
v Apply to :- Allows you to create columns out ot
the selected text, the selected section, this point forward or the entire
document
v Select your options and Click OK.
To Move Text into the Next Column:
v Move the insertion point in front of the text you
want to move.
v Choose Format Columns. The Columns Dialog Box opens.
v Choose “From
this point forward” in the Apply to:
control.
v Click the Start
New Column check box to move the text to the next column.
WORKING WITH TABLES
Tables allow large amounts of text and/or numbers to be
presented in an organized and easy to read fashion. Student roll books, sport
statistics, address, books, math formulas, menus and many other documents often
incorporate tables to share information.
Similar to columns, Tables can be challenging at first. Word has created an
entire menu to help assist you in creating your first Table.
A few important terms to know before you
begin creating tables are:
Row – A row
runs horizontal in a table and is divided by borders.
Borders – Separating
lines in the table.
Column – A
column runs perpendicular in a atable and is divided by borders.
Cell – A cell
is the box that is created when your rows and your columns intersect each
other. The cell contains your data or information.
Creating Tables Using the Insert Table Dialog Box:
v Click Table
on the Menu Bar.
v Select Insert and then Table
from the cascading menu. The Insert
Table dialog box appears.
v Determine the number of colums and rows you need
in your table. You can add more later, but save yourself some work. You can
always add rows by pressing Tab at
the end of a row.
v To create a table as wide as your page, ;eave the Fixed Column Width setting on Auto.
v Click OK.
A table is inserted into your document.
Another automated way to
create a quick table is by using the Insert
Table Button on the Standard
toolbar.
Creating Tables Using the Insert Table Button:
v Click the Insert
Table Button.
v Now, drag the
number of columns and rows you want in your table.
Custom-Made Tables
The Insert Table Dialog Box and Insert
Table Button offer a quick solution to making tables. If you would like to custom create your table by drawing it
yourself, you can use the Draw Table
button.
Creating Tables Using the Draw Tables Button:
v Open the Tables
and Borders toolbar by clicking View
on the Menu Bar, Select Toolbars and
then Tablets and Borders from the
Cascading Menu. The Tablets and Borders
toolbar will appear.
v Click the Draw
Tables button on the Tables and Borders toolbar. The mouse pointer turns
into a pencil.
v Drag the pencil to create a rectangle about the
size of the table you want.
v Release the mouse button. The border of the table
appears in your document.
v Use the pencil again in column and row borders.
v Click the Draw
Table button again to change the pencil back into an I-beam.
If you make a mistake
while drawing your table, you can erase both rows and columns by using the
Eraser on the Tables and Borders toolbar. Once you select the.
Eraser, the pointer will change to resemble the
Eraser Button.
Drag the Eraser over
parts of the table you wush to erase. When you are finished erasing, click the
Eraser button again to put the Eraser away.
Entering Text:
Click inside any table cell to begin entering text
or numbers.
Moving Around in a Table:
v Use the Tab
key or right arrow key to move
right.
v Use Shift+Tab
or the left arrow key to move left.
v The up and down arrow keys will move the insertion
point above or below its current location.
Selecting Text in Tables:
A cell: triple
click inside cell.
A row: Move
mouse to left of margins, point to the row and click.
Multiple rows: Select
the first row, click and drag the number of columns desired.
Entire Table: Choose
Table and Select Table from the menu bar.
Editing Tables:
Fortunately, whatever
you do to format text within your table, insert or delete rows and columns, or
perhaps just change the appearance of your table so that it is more visually
appealing.
Formatting Text in Tables:
Fortunately, whatever you
do format text in a paragraph (make it bold green, for example), you can do to
text in a table cell. Formatting text within a table can be accomplished
through a variety of means, includinng the Formatting
menu, the Tables and Borders toolbar,
the Task Pane and keyboard shortcuts.
Rotating Text in Tables:
Many advertisements, for
sale signs, menus and other creative documents use Word’s text direction
feature to change typical horizontal text to eye-catching vertical text. You
can rotate text so it runs vertically, facing either the right or the left.
To Rotate Text in a Table Cell:
v Select
the cell(s)
you want to rotate.
v Click the Change Text Direction button: on the Tables and Borders toolbar.
v Clicking the Change Text Direction button once
turns text to the vertically left, the second click turns text to vertically
right and the third click will bring your text back to a horizontal position.
Note: The
insertion point rotates when entering vertical text, but editing vertical text
is really no different than editing horizontal text.
Inserting and Deleting Columns and Rows
Estimating how many rows
and columns you will need in a table is not always easy. Therefore, it is
important to know how to insert and delete rows and columns in your existing
table.
To Add Rows to Your Table:
v Move the insertion point to the last cell in the
table and press Tab.
To Insert Ros in the Middle of the Table:
v Place the insertion point anywhere in the table.
v Choose Table Insert Rows above OR Rows below.
To Delete Rows:
v Select the row(s) you want to delete.
v Choose Table Delete Rows.
OR
v Right-click and choose. Table Delete Rows from the
shortcut menu.
To Delete Single Table Cell:
v Place the insertion point inside the cell you wish
to delete.
v Choose Table Delete Cells from the menu bar. The Delete Cells dialog box appears.
v Click Shift cells left, Shift cells up, Delete
entire row, or Delete enitre column.
To Insert a Column:
v Position the mouse pointer where you want to
column to be located.
v Choose Table Insert Columns to the Right or Insert
Columns to the Left.
Resizing Tables:
You may need to adjust the size of columns, rows
and cells.
To Adjust Columns, Rows and Cell Size:
v Hover
the insertion point over any line in your table
that borders the area you want to change.
v The
insertion point changes to a double-headed arrow.
v Drag
the border either left or right OR up and down.
Note: To
automatically adjust the size, select the entire Table and then choose Table
AutoFit to Contents.
AutoFormat
Just as Word offers
document templates for memos, faxes, reports and other items; Word also offers
templates for Tables.
To use AutoFormat:
v Create your table.
v Click anywhere in the table and choose Table and then Table AutoFormat. The Table
AutoFormat dialog box appears.
v Scroll through the Table Styles until you find a table you like. You can preview the
Table Style in the Preview Box.
v Check and uncheck the options in the Apply special Format to: sections to
slightly change parts of your table. Check out your changes using the Preview
box.
v Click the New
button to change parts of an existing Table Style.
v Click OK.
v Use pointer turns into a pencil.
v Trace
the line(s) you wan to change.
v Click anywhere outside the table to change to
pencil back into the I-beam.
To Change the Border Color or an Existing Table:
v Click the drop down arrow next to the Border Color button. A color menu
appears.
v Select a color. The I-beam becomes the pencil.
v Using the pencil, trace the border(s) that you
want to color.
To Apply a Border:
v Select the Line Style, Line Weight and Border
Color you would like.
v Select the cells you want bordered.
v Click the Outside
Border button drop down menu and choose the location of your border.
Add Shading
To Apply Shading:
v Select or place the insertion point inside the
cell(s) you want shaded.
v Click the Shading
Color button drop down arrow. A shading color menu appears.
v Click on a color. Your cell(s) are automatically shaded.
